home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac 1995
/
TIME Almanac 1995.iso
/
time
/
090991
/
0909006.000
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-04-15
|
9KB
|
176 lines
<text id=91TT1975>
<link 91TT0654>
<link 90TT0425>
<link 89TT0310>
<title>
Sep. 09, 1991: A Character in Search of a Role
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Sep. 09, 1991 Power Vacuum
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 42
SOVIET UNION
A Chastened Character In Search of a Role
</hdr><body>
<p>Humiliated but determined to hang on to his powers, Mikhail
Gorbachev exerts his formidable strength
</p>
<p>By John Kohan/Moscow
</p>
<p> One thing can be said for Mikhail Gorbachev: he certainly has
a strong survival instinct. After committing enough errors of
judgment to have wrecked the careers of a dozen or so Western
politicians, he was back on the job at the Kremlin last week,
chastened, humiliated, but as determined as ever to hold on to
his powers as President of the Soviet Union. Never mind that the
Communist Party was no more, the central government dissolved,
the security services and armed forces undergoing a painful purge
and the Soviet parliament in total disarray. The failed putsch
may have left a gaping hole at the very center of power, but
Gorbachev was toiling to fill it by the sheer force of his
presence.
</p>
<p> Flushed with their victory on the barricades of Moscow, the
resurgent Russians, led by Boris Yeltsin, seemed to have had
other plans in mind for the President once they restored him to
power. Yeltsin has been thinking of a considerably weakened role
for his former rival in a future bare-bones Union: Gorbachev
glad-handing visiting heads of state, Gorbachev keeping the
country's electric grid in working order or Gorbachev making
certain the trains run on time. As one brazen Russian slogan put
it, "Misha, don't forget under whose flag you were rescued."
</p>
<p> But the Soviet President signaled last week that he had not
returned from house arrest in the Crimea to become a hostage of
the Russians. He cautioned the parliament against jumping to the
conclusion that "the Russian leadership has shoved aside the
President of the country." He felt sufficiently confident to
chastise Yeltsin for meddling in the affairs of the larger Union.
Gorbachev obviously believes he still has an independent role to
play in shaping the evolution of a new Soviet Union. But does
anyone else?
</p>
<p> In the immediate aftermath of the coup, bookmakers would have
set odds against a Gorbachev comeback at 100 to 1. But his
chances seem to be improving with each passing day. His fervent
conversion to the cause of radical reform has no doubt helped
boost his standing, but he has probably benefited even more from
the erratic behavior of Yeltsin. The Russian president cuts a
commanding figure on flag-draped balconies, issuing stirring
calls for the defense of freedom, but he seems uncomfortable
maneuvering in the corridors of power, where Gorbachev is most at
home.
</p>
<p> In contrast to the mercurial Yeltsin, Gorbachev is safe and
sound. Consider, for example, Yeltsin's statement on Russian
territorial claims against other republics. It seemed to explode
on the political scene like a firecracker tossed by some impish
prankster. Then, in characteristic style, the Russian leader
slunk out of Moscow, leaving no official word of his whereabouts,
though he was presumed to be on his way to one of the Baltic
republics. Such acts are the stuff of grand legends, not sound
policies. And they are most definitely not characteristic of the
cautious Gorbachev style of leadership.
</p>
<p> Detractors of the Soviet President have accused him in the
past of wanting to be a dictator. He did have such power, but he
was always reluctant--sometimes too reluctant--to use it.
When the conspirators asked Gorbachev to join the plot, he
refused and honored his vow as the first President of the Soviet
Union to "defend the constitution." He speaks often now about the
importance of zakonnost--legality--in the aftermath of the
coup. Such admonitions are of crucial importance if a law-
governed state is to emerge on the territory of the shattered
Union--and Gorbachev still has the authority to utter them.
</p>
<p> The passive failure of the Soviet Union's new parliamentary
democracy during the coup has bolstered the case for rule by
presidential decree. Unlike Gorbachev, Yeltsin has shown no
hesitation in forcing the pace of democratic change by ukase. But
his order to muzzle the Communist Party press was an early
warning signal of how fundamental rights might be endangered in
the process. Gorbachev remains the only leader of sufficient
stature to put a check on the excesses of the new Russian
revolution--and of Yeltsin--if only because of the
constitutional office he holds.
</p>
<p> Yeltsin may talk about doing away with the central
authorities, but he still wants some kind of union. Yet the
failed coup has inspired a mass exodus of republics, fearful of
the restoration of a new Russian empire under Czar Boris.
Although Gorbachev's statement that "the Soviet President and the
Russian parliament need each other" drew jeers from Russian
Deputies, that claim may yet be vindicated. Gorbachev can
certainly play a crucial role now as an independent mediator,
power broker and guarantor of a new Union.
</p>
<p> Gorbachev proved his skills as a go-between when he
negotiated the last, never signed union treaty. Whether the
nation that emerges out of the rubble now takes the form of a
federation, confederation or commonwealth, there will still be a
need for some kind of governmental body to judge the conflicting
claims of the member states. The President of the Soviet Union is
the logical candidate to assume such an executive role, and that
means Gorbachev.
</p>
<p> The coup has taken some of the luster off the Kremlin's Nobel
Peace laureate in the eyes of the outside world, but Gorbachev
still remains the one Soviet politician with whom international
leaders feel comfortable doing business. In diplomacy the Yeltsin
factor looms large. His heroic stand against the conspirators won
him applause abroad, but foreign diplomats are less enthusiastic
about what they have seen of the Russian president since the
putsch was crushed. Gorbachev's prestige abroad will prove to be
important capital in the bank, especially now that his homeland
is entering a new era of absorption with domestic problems.
</p>
<p> There is also the question of who will speak for this new
conglomerate of states, who will guarantee treaties signed with
the old Soviet Union, who will provide continuity with the
foreign policy of the past and help interpret the themes and
variations of each republic pursuing its own national interests.
The international community may be lining up to grant
recognition to the three Baltic republics; how it will deal with
seven more candidates clamoring for full admission into the club
is another matter. For the interim, foreign visitors will still
want to stop first at the Kremlin to catch the familiar voice of
Gorbachev above the babble.
</p>
<p> A Gorbachev-Yeltsin alliance has long been an axiom of reform
politics in the Soviet Union. The combination may not make for
the most stable relationship, but the two complement each other
neatly in experience and temperament. Gorbachev is the cautious
infighter who thinks out every move in advance; Yeltsin is the
street brawler who goes with his heart and throws caution to the
winds. Gorbachev is the sophisticated world traveler who shows
presence of mind in the White House or the Vatican; Yeltsin is
the blunt-spoken man of the people, comfortable mixing with
workers on a shop floor. The fact that the power balance has
shifted in Yeltsin's favor and made Gorbachev the junior partner
does not change the basic formula.
</p>
<p> That is not to say that Gorbachev might not be out on the
street in the coming months. He might also find himself relegated
to the role of caretaker President, able like the prophet Moses
to lead his people to the promised land but not destined to enter
himself. It is simply too early to tell. When leaders of the
newly registered Democratic Party of Russian Communists, a
radical reform group founded by Yeltsin's vice president,
Alexander Rutskoi, were asked last week if they thought Gorbachev
had any chance of winning a popular election for President of the
Soviet Union, they were noticeably hesitant about giving a direct
answer. "Who can say?" one speaker finally ventured. "Look at how
much Gorbachev's image has changed over the past few days. Who
knows what it will be like in even a month's time?" If events of
the past fortnight have taught any lesson, it is this: no one
should rush to write off Mikhail Gorbachev.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>